This study evaluated the influence of provenance on the phenotypic traits of Pterocarpus erinaceus mother trees in their selected natural range in Taraba State, Nigeria. Based on the species' natural distribution range in Taraba State, 3 study sites (Bali, Kurmi, and Donga) were randomly selected, and each location was considered a unique population. The study employed standard procedures in provenance study investigation. All mother trees ≥10cm (Diameter at breast height (DBH) 1.3m) and ≤ 100m apart were considered as the same population and were progressively assessed for stocking density and the various phenotypic traits (Total tree height, DBH, crown diameter, height at first branching, and number of primary branches). The stocking density Ha-1was determined for each population based on the total land area in m2. Data were analysed using various statistical tools (ANOVA, SLD post-hoc tests and Pearson correlation). The results revealed very low stocking density (4-5 trees) Ha-1 for the three different populations. Provenance had significant effects for some of the phenotypic traits (Total tree height and height to first branching). Kurmi provenance outperformed others, revealing genetic or local adaptive advantages. It may be opined that provenance influenced both stocking density and phenotypic traits. Kurmi provenance demonstrated the most promising for future genetic improvement and seed sourcing study. The overall poor stocking density highlighted the need for a more proactive enrichment planting strategy and sustainable management of the remaining species' natural population.