Abstract

Snakes play a vital role in ecosystem balance, yet negative perceptions, fear-driven killings, and poor snakebite management threaten both their populations and human well-being. This study assessed snake abundance, public attitudes, and snakebite management in Gora, Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A systematic sampling design was employed to ensure accurate data collection across different habitat types. Field surveys using Time-Constrained Searches (TCS) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) provided insights into snake encounters and human-snake interactions. Snake encounters were highest in forested areas (60%), with the Puff Adder (Bitis arietans) being the most frequently observed species. Public attitudes toward snakes were assessed through FGDs and structured interviews with farmers, hunters, and traditional healers, selected for their frequent interactions with snakes. Results indicated that 80% of farmers perceived snakes as pests, leading to widespread snake killings, while 70% of respondents relied on herbal remedies for snakebites despite their limited effectiveness. Findings revealed significant conservation threats and knowledge gaps. Effective community education, culturally inclusive conservation strategies, and improved rural healthcare are essential to mitigating human-snake conflict. Future research should assess seasonal trends in snake encounters and the impact of conservation education on public attitudes.

Keywords

Conservation, Cultural Perceptions, Human-wildlife Conflict, Snake Abundance, Snakebite Management